Cv. Frantoio is one of the major oil cultivars of Italy. It is widely propagated also outside its original growing region. The oil of this cultivar is considered of good quality and represents the typical Italian oil. In its original environment the production is good and relatively steady. The tree can be adapted to mechanical harvesting and is moderately suitable for various training systems. Its resistance to severe chilling temperatures is limited.
Geographical
Distribution
The origin of the cultivar is in Toscana, Italy. It is the major cultivar of that region and is one of the cultivars which has spread also to many other regions in Italy and other countries. It is widely planted in Argentina and Chile and one clone probably also in Australian under the name Correggiolo. Many different clones were identified within the population of the cv. Frantoio in Italy. Various clones with somewhat different agronomic behaviour are being distributed by various nurseries in different countries.
Description
| Tree |
Medium in vigour and erectness the branches tend to be semi willowy. The fruiting branches are relatively long, thin and flexible. The trees benefit from annual pruning as they have a slight tendency to develop internal shading. |
| Leaf |
The leaves are oval – lanciformic, medium in size (5-6 cm) with a muncronated distal end. The leaf blade is symmetric and the maximal width located in its middle. The Upper surface is dark green and the lower greenish grey. |
| Flower |
The inflorescence is medium in length (4-5 cm) with 24-29 flowers. |
| Stone |
The stone’s shape is similar to that of the fruit with a relative medium to large size (about 20%). It is somewhat asymmetrical with a small mucron. |
| Fruit |
Small to medium (2-2.5 g) its shape is somewhat elongated with the widest diameter close to the apex. There is no defined green maturation. Colour change starts from the distal end up to the drupe and at full maturation the fruit has a deep black uniform colour. |
Agronomic Characteristics
Under normal climatic conditions cv. Frantoio is partially autofertile but will benefit from cross pollination as do most olive cultivars. The common pollinators for Frantoio are: Leccino, Pendolino and Maurino. Under non-irrigated conditions the oil content is 21-24%. It drops under irrigation to 17-18%. The general long term fruit yield is relatively high, particularly in its region of origin – Toscana. The oil is of good aromatic quality. The trees are sensitive to the peacock eye leaf disease and the fruit susceptible to olive fly infection.
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